Sunday, November 20, 2011

Deviance: Chewing Gum in Singapore

Singapore has a reputation of being a clean city. In 1992 Singapore banned chewing gum to keep people from sticking it in public places and making a mess with it. On smh.com, it states that one of the main reasons for the ban of chewing gum in Singapore was because people would stick it in the doors causing the doors to get stuck. This would then cause delays in the subway transportation. In 2004 they changed the ban on chewing gum by allowing someone to chew gum if they had a prescription to do so (McIntyre). Since chewing gum is banned in Singapore, someone who decides to chew gum would be considered deviant in Singapore. As stated on wisegeek.com, the penalties on chewing gum are similar to the penalties on littering in Singapore: the first time you are caught it could cost someone between $500 and $1,000 U.S. dollars. Repeat offenders could get a fine of up to $ 2,000 U.S. dollars. 
In the United States chewing gum is not considered deviant behavior. When I was in middle school, the school made a rule that chewing gum would not be allowed in school because they did not want students sticking gum to seats and desks. If you were caught chewing gum, the worst that would happen to you was you would be asked to spit it out in the garbage. Although places like schools may make rules against chewing gum, it is not a punishable rule in the United States like it is in Singapore. 

Monday, October 31, 2011

Institutions: Hospitals and Religion

Hospitals are an institution which provide treatment by specialized staff and equipment ( wikipedia). The role of the staff in the hospital is to provide care for patients to help them recover and maintain healthy. There are many roles within a hospital such as doctors, nurses, therapists, social workers, etc. All of these roles play an important part in the structure and in the maintenance of the hospital as an institution. All social institutions affect each other. Religion can have an effect on hospitals. This is because many religions have different beliefs, and those beliefs can affect which procedures are done within a hospital.

An example of this is blood transfusions. If someone has loss an excessive amount of blood, hospitals may perform a blood transfusion in order to save the patient. However, some religions do not believe in blood transfusions. An example is Jehovah Witnesses. Individuals of this religion do not believe in accepting blood from other individuals because they believe that if blood is removed from the body it should be disposed of (watchtower.org). Therefore, they do not accept blood transfusions. This is where two social institutions collide. Although Jehovah Witnesses' do accept other fluids, it can be tricky for surgeons during major surgery without blood transfusions. Major surgery can still be done without blood transfusions though and according to Michael E. DeBakey, the risk during surgery without blood transfusions is not larger than the risk during surgery with the use of blood transfusions (watchtower.org). However, there are still many doctors who believe it is too risky.